CELLULOSIC FIBRE : A fibre composed of or derived from cellulose.

CORD : The product formed by twisting together two or more piled yarns.

CREPE : A light weight fabric with ridges of pile(cords) running length wise parallel to the salvage.

DENIER : A weight-per-unit -lentgh measure of any linear material. This is numerically equal to the weight in grams of 9,000 metres of the material. Denier is a direct numbering system in which the lower numbers represent the finer sizes and the higher numbers the coarser sizes.

DOFF : A full set of bobbins produced by one machine a roving frame, spinning frame or a man-made filament yarn extrusion machine.

EMBROIDERY : Ornamental designs worked on a fabric with threads. Embroidery may be done either by hand or by machine.

FASTNESS : Resistance to fading: i.e the property of a dye to retain its colour when the dyed(or printed) textile material is exposed to conditions or agents such as light , perspiration, atmospheric gases or washing that can remove or destroy the colour.

FIBRE : A unit of matter, either natural or man-made, which forms the basic element of fabrics and other textile structures.

FILAMENT FIBRE : A fibre of an indefinite or extreme length such as found naturally in silk. Man-made fibres are extruded into filament which are converted into filament yarn, staple or tow.

FILAMENT COUNT : The number of individual filaments that make up a thread or yarn.

FILAMENT NUMBER : The linear density of a filament expressed in units such as denier or tex.

FILAMENT YARN : A yarn composed of continous filament assembled with or without twist.

GREY FABRIC : A fabric just off the loom or knitting machine, i.e in an unprocessed state.

HIGH TENACITY : A term to describe a material with a higher than normal tenstile strength.

JACQUARD : A system of weaving which utilizes a highly versatile pattern mechanism to permit the production of large, intricate designs.

KNITTING : A method of constructing fabric by interlocking a series of one or more yarns.

WARP KNITTING : A type of knitting in which the yarns generally run lengthwise in the fabric.

WEFT KNITTING : A common type of knitting in which one continuous thread runs crosswise in the fabric making all the loops in one course. Weft Knitting types are circular and flat knitting.

MAN-MADE FIBRE : A class name for various genera of fibres(including filaments) produced from fibre- forming substances which may be
(1) polymers synthesized from chemical compounds, e.g. acrylic, nylon, polyester, polyethylene, polyurethane and polyvinyl fibres.
(2) modified or transformed natural polymers, e.g. alginic and cellulose based fibres such as acetates and rayons and
(3) minerals, e.g glasses. The term man-made usally refers to all chemically produced fibres to distinguish them from the truly natural fibres such as cotton, wool, silk and flax.

RAYON FIBRE : A manufactured fibre composed of regenerated cellulose, as well as cellulose in which substituents have replaced by not more than 15% of the hydrogens of the hydroxyl groups. Rayon Fibres include yarns and fibres made by the viscose process, the cuprammonium process and the now obselete nitrocellulose and sapnofied acetate process. Generally in the manufacture of rayon, cellulose derived from wood pulp, cotton linters or other vegetable matter is dissolved into a viscose spinning solution. The solution is extruded into an acid-salt coagulating both and drawn into continuous filaments. Groups of these filaments may be made in the form of yarns or cut into staple.

SINGLE YARN : The simplest strand of textile material suitable for operations such as weaving and knitting. A single yarn may be formed from fibres with more or less twist, from filaments with or without twist, from narrow strips of material such as paper, cellaphone or metal foil or from monofilaments.

SIZING : A generic term for compounds which are applied to warp yarn to bind the fibre together and stiffen the yarn abrasion resistance during weaving. Starch, gelatin, oil, wax and man-made polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene, polyacrylic acid and polyacetate are employed.

SPINNING : The process or processes used in the production of single yarn or of fabrics generated directly from polymer.

TENACITY : The tensile stress when expressed as force per unit linear density of the unstrained specimen.

THREAD : A slender, strong strand or cord, especially one designed for sewing or other needle work. Most threads are made by plying and twisting yarns. A wide variety of thread types is use today e.g spun cotton and spun polyester, core-spun cotton with a polyester filament core, polyester or nylon filaments (often bonded)and monofilament threads.

TWIST : The number of turns about its axis per unit of length of a yarn or other textile strand.

TWISTING : The process of combining filaments into yarn by twisting them together or combining two or more parallel single yarns(spun or filament) into piled yarns or cords. Cables are made by twisting piled yarns or cords.

VELVET FABRIC : A wrap-file woven fabric with short, dense cut pile which produces a rich fabric appearance and soft texture.

VISCOSE RAYON : One type of rayon, it is produced in far greater quantity than cuprammonium rayon, the other commercial type.

WRAP : The set of yarns in all woven fabrics, that runs lengthwise and parallel to the salvage and is interwoven with the filling. The sheet of yarns wound together on a beam for the purpose of weaving or wrap knitting.

WEAVING : The method or process of interlacing two yarns of similar materials so that they cross each other at right angles to produce woven fabric. The warp yarns or ends, run lengthwise in the fabric and filling threads(weft) or picks, run lengthwise in the fabric,and filling threads (weft) or picks, run from side to side. Weaving may be done on a power or hand-loom or by several hand methods.

YARN : A generic term for a continuous strand of textile fibre filaments or material in a form suitable for knitting, weaving or otherwise intertwining to form a textile fabric.